"Turkey's history is full of gangs
Sedat Bozkurt
Turkey's history can be seen as a kind of history of gangs. In the Ottoman Empire, leaving aside the ones in major cities or within the state, there were always gangs or individual rebellion leaders in the mountains of Anatolia, who are, even today, still hailed as heroes.
With the republic, the identities of the gangs have changed. Because the War of Independence was waged by an organization then called a gang by the empire's administrators. The gangs were sought and sometimes found deep within the state."
More:The New Anatolian